From Common Forest Trees of Hawaii

Manono
Kadua affinis
Madder family (Rubiaceae)

Native species ()

The Kadua, common name manono, is known only from Hawaii and has numerous variations of shrubs and small trees grouped into four species. This species has many varieties and forms. Plants of this have paired short-stalked leaves mostly small, oblong, and leathery, with paired blunt that shed early, clusters of many small greenish flowers with four meeting at edges in bud, and small round bluish black two-celled and many-seeded.


©2005 Forest And Kim Starr
shrub, woody vine, or small tree to 26 ft (8 ) tall and 6 inches (15 ) in trunk diameter. Bark gray, smooth to finely fissured; inner bark brownish, slightly bitter. Twigs gray, four-angled, with enlarged ringed hairless.

Leaves with short leaf-stalks less than 3⁄8 inch (1 ) long and paired small blunt that shed early. Blades mostly oblong, 2–4 inches (5–10 ) long and 1–1 3⁄4 inches (2.5–4.5 ) wide, thick and leathery, blunt or short-pointed at both ends, turned under at edges, above shiny green with few inconspicuous curved side veins, beneath dull light green and often slightly hairy.

Flower clusters () branched, 1–2 inches (2.5–5 ) long, mostly Flowers many, short-stalked, about 3⁄8 inch (10 ) long, composed of greenish base () 1⁄8 inch (3 ) long; four- greenish purplish green 1⁄4–3⁄8 inch (6–10 ) long with narrow tube and four narrow tube and four narrow spreading overlapping in bud; four short within tube near end; and with inferior two-celled many ovules in each cell, and slender two- at end.

(berries) are round, 1⁄4–3⁄8 inch (6–10 ) in diameter, bluish black, with teeth at two-celled and many-seeded.

Wood light brown, hard. Uses by Hawaiians were for canoe trim and rigging, none at present.

Widespread in wet forests through the islands, mainly at 900–6700 ft (274–2042 ) elevation.

Special areas
Kokee, Volcanoes

Champion
Height 20 ft (6.1 ), c.b.h. 3 ft (0.9 ), spread 12 ft (3.7 ). Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii (1968).

Range
Hawaiian Islands only

Botanical
Gouldia affinis (DC.) Wilbur, Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr.

node -- The point at which there is attached growth, as in the place where each leaf is attached.

cm -- A centimeter which is about 0.4 inches.

m -- A meter is about 10% larger than a yard.

stipule -- A leaf-like structure that occurs where the leaf joins the stem; stipules often occur in pairs.

endemic -- when restricted to a certain country or area.

style -- This is a long and thread-like structure that connects the stigma with the ovary. A flower may have a single style, or several of them.

The apex is the tip or the furthest point from the attachment.

terminal -- Located at the end (the tip or the apex).

Like the teeth on a saw, leaves and other surfaces can have toothed edges.

A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. The bottom flowers in a panicle open first.

A pistil is the female structure of many flowers. It contains one or more carpels. Each carpel contins an ovary, style and stigma. The stigma receives the pollen which grows thru the style to reach the ovary.

An evergreen tree retains a large portion of its green leaves all year.

In an opposite leaf arrangement the leaves come in pairs with one leaf on each side of a stem.

lobe -- Rounded parts of a leaf (or other organ). Lobes bulge out about 1/4 of the leaf diameter.

calyx -- the sepals of a flower, typically forming a whorl that encloses the petals and forms a protective layer around a flower in bud.

fruit -- any seed-bearing structure in flowering plants. It is formed from the ovary after flowering.

synonym -- In botany a synonym is a species name that at one time was thought to be the correct name for a plant but was later found to be incorrect and has been replaced by a new name.

The hypanthium or floral cup is a cup-like structure formed by the fused bases of the stamens, petals, and sepals.

mm -- millimeter. About 1/25th of an inch.

corolla -- The name for all the petals of a flower taken together.

stamen -- the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower; The stamen consists of an anther supported by a filament.

An ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower. Above the ovary is the style and the stigma, which is where the pollen lands and germinates to grow down through the style to the ovary.

genus -- A subdivision of a botanical Family in which all members have a significant number of similar characteristics.